Cataracts are clouding of the eye’s natural internal lens that occurs over time. They are a natural part of the aging process, but there are a few factors which can result in an earlier onset of cataracts. UV exposure, trauma, and health conditions such as hypertension and diabetes can speed up the process of cataract formation. Cataracts cause increased glare, decreased visual acuity, and colors to seem washed out. Generally, there are three different types of cataracts (there are more, but these three are most frequently seen). Nuclear cataracts are the most common type, which cause clouding of the innermost portion of the lens.

Cortical cataracts are less common than nuclear cataracts. Cortical cataracts cloud the peripheral part of the lens and grow inward toward the central vision, like spokes on a bicycle. Due to the peripheral nature of cortical cataracts, these often spare vision until they become advanced, blocking the central portion of the lens. Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) cloud the back portion of the lens capsule, which houses the lens fibers themselves. PSC may be induced by prolonged use of steroid medications or longstanding medical conditions such as diabetes.

Cataracts may be removed during cataract surgery, during which the natural lens is removed and an artificial lens is inserted in its place. There are multiple lens replacement options available during cataract surgery to improve your vision. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best choice of lens implant for your needs.